Here’s a blog post shedding light on the various mental health challenges new mothers may face during the postpartum period. It emphasizes the importance of recognizing symptoms early and seeking help, as well as providing practical advice for coping and recovery.

Mental Illness After Childbirth: What You Should Know

Many women experience a wide range of emotions in the weeks and months after giving birth, and sometimes, the feelings get overwhelming. In fact, as per the MGH Center for Women’s Mental Health, around 85% of new mothers report some mood changes, often mild and short-lived.

However, 10-15% of women may develop more intense symptoms of depression or anxiety, which are part of postpartum psychiatric illness. The term encompasses a spectrum of conditions, including postpartum blues, postpartum depression, and the most severe form, postpartum psychosis, which could impact new mothers and their families, requiring additional support and attention.

Baby Blues: The Common Mood Shift After Childbirth

Most new mothers experience “baby blues” within the first few days after childbirth. That mood disturbance usually appears within the first few weeks and is characterized by feelings of sadness, irritability, and tearfulness. The baby blues are temporary, often subsiding within two weeks as your body adjusts to hormonal changes and the new demands of motherhood.

Symptoms of Baby Blues

• Sudden mood swings
• Feeling overwhelmed
• Mild sadness or irritability
• Frequent crying for no apparent reason
• Trouble sleeping or feeling exhausted

While symptoms are very common, they generally do not last long. Support from family members and friends, rest, and self-care are necessary. However, if symptoms persist beyond a couple of weeks or become more intense, it could be a sign of postpartum depression.

Postpartum Depression (PPD)

Postpartum depression, often called PPD, is a type of mood disorder that includes a range of depressive symptoms going beyond the baby blues. Unlike the baby blues, postpartum depression tends to last a bit longer and may require treatment. Postpartum depression symptoms might include intense sadness, withdrawal from family and friends, or feeling disconnected from your baby.

Recognizing Postpartum Depression Symptoms

• Feelings of deep sadness or hopelessness
• Constant fatigue or lack of energy
• Difficulty bonding with your baby
• Thoughts of self-harm or harm to the baby (in severe cases)
• Loss of interest in activities you once enjoyed
• Obsessive-compulsive symptoms: Some women may experience obsessive thoughts or compulsive behaviors as part of their postpartum depression

What Causes Postpartum Depression?

The causes of PPD aren’t fully understood, but it likely results from a combination of hormonal, physical, and emotional factors:

• Hormonal Shifts: The levels of hormones such as estrogen and progesterone drop sharply after childbirth and that often affects mood.
• History of Mental Health Conditions: Those with a personal or family history of depression, bipolar disorder, or anxiety may be at greater risk.
• Sleep Deprivation: Care for a newborn is known to lead to sleepless nights and sleep deprivation might worsen symptoms of depression.
• Social and Environmental Stress: Lack of support, relationship strain, and stressful life events also increase the risk of PPD.

Postpartum Depression’s Possible Effects on Family Life

Untreated PPD might affect more than just the mother—it could impact the whole family, especially the newborn. Mothers may struggle with breastfeeding, bonding with their babies, or managing daily responsibilities.

Partners and other family members may feel the strain, and the baby could face delays in language development and emotional challenges if bonding with the mother is affected. The sooner PPD is recognized and treated, the better the outcome for both mother and child.

Dr. Lau’s Self-Care Tips for Managing Postpartum Depression

Self-care plays a vital role in managing symptoms of PPD. In addition to consulting a healthcare professional, consider the following strategies:

• Rest as Much as Possible: Sleep when the baby sleeps to recharge and reduce stress.
• Reach Out: Lean on partners, family, and friends for support. You don’t need to handle everything on your own.
• Stay Connected: Make time for social activities, whether it’s going for a walk, chatting with a friend, or spending quality time with a partner.
• Find Community Support: Speak with other mothers who have experienced similar challenges. It could create a comforting and healing experience.
• Limit Major Life Changes: Try to minimize additional stressors and focus on adjusting to life with a newborn.

Remember, those are just steps to assist you. You still need a professional for a more tailored and effective approach.

Postpartum Anxiety

Anxiety disorders, including obsessive-compulsive disorder, might also arise after childbirth, presenting as feelings of intense worry, restlessness, or panic. For mothers dealing with postpartum anxiety, everyday tasks feel overwhelming, and worries about their baby’s well-being become almost constant.

Common Anxiety Symptoms After Childbirth

• Excessive worry, especially about the baby’s safety
• Trouble sleeping, even when the baby is asleep
• Racing thoughts or constant “what if” worries
• Physical symptoms like a racing heart or sweating

While anxiety affects anyone, it’s particularly common in the postpartum period. If you feel unable to manage your worries or they interfere with your daily life, speak to a mental health provider. They may recommend therapy, such as cognitive-behavioral therapy (CBT), which is effective for anxiety.

Postpartum Psychosis: Rare But Serious

Postpartum psychosis (PPP), also known as puerperal psychosis, is a rare but serious mental health condition that occurs shortly after childbirth, affecting about 1 in 1,000 mothers. It typically emerges within the first few days or weeks after delivery, but in some cases, symptoms may develop as late as 12 weeks postpartum.

Electroconvulsive therapy (ECT) is a treatment option for severe postpartum psychosis. ECT is considered safe and effective, often inducing rapid symptomatic improvement in affected women. It is administered under general anesthesia, which manages discomfort and makes the procedure as smooth as possible. Despite common misconceptions, ECT is a well-regulated and beneficial treatment for severe cases of postpartum psychosis.

Symptoms of Postpartum Psychosis

• Delusional thinking or seeing things that aren’t real (hallucinations)
• Extreme agitation or restlessness
• Confusion about reality or identity
• Rapid mood swings, sometimes from joy to extreme sadness

While the exact cause of PPP is not fully understood, it may involve a combination of factors such as a history of mental health issues (particularly bipolar disorder), hormonal changes, sleep deprivation, and stress.

If left untreated, postpartum psychosis may become more severe and last for months. However, with prompt medical intervention, most people recover within a few weeks. Early recognition and treatment are key, so if you or someone you know exhibits symptoms of PPP, seek clinical assistance immediately.

Who is at Risk for Postpartum Mood Disorders?

Certain risk factors increase the likelihood of postpartum mood disorders. The factors do not mean that you will develop a condition, but being aware might prompt you to take preventive steps.

Common Risk Factors

• Family history of depression or anxiety
• Personal history of mental health conditions
• Stressful life events during pregnancy or shortly after childbirth
• Lack of support from family or friends
• Hormonal changes that lead to mood disturbances

When to Talk to a Healthcare Provider

If you’re experiencing symptoms of psychiatric illness that impact your ability to function, it’s time to seek help. Talk to a mental health provider. It could make a world of difference for you.

Why Seeking Support Matters

• Early treatment could prevent symptoms from worsening.
• Therapy and support provide tools for managing your mental health.
• Your mental health matters to you and your baby’s wellbeing.

You don’t have to wait until symptoms become overwhelming to speak up. Talk to a trusted healthcare professional or reach out to support groups for support or immediate relief and guidance.

Treatments for Postpartum Mental Health Conditions

There are several options for treating mental health conditions that develop after childbirth. Treatment plans are often personalized, depending on the severity of symptoms and individual preferences.

Common Treatment Options

• Therapy and Counseling: Talk to a mental health professional to understand and manage feelings.
• Medication: Antidepressants and other medications may be prescribed to manage symptoms.
• Support Groups: Join a support group for emotional support and practical advice from others who have experienced similar issues. Treatment doesn’t mean you’re weak or failing; it means you’re taking steps toward health and resilience.

Finding Strength and Support in the Postpartum Period

Mental health issues after childbirth may feel challenging, but you don’t have to face it alone. Support from family members, friends, and healthcare providers should make all the difference in your recovery. Take small steps each day, focus on self-care, and reach out when needed.

With the right help, you’ll find balance and strength as you continue to embrace motherhood.

FAQs

1. Are some women more at risk of postpartum depression?

Yes, factors like a history of depression, a family history of mental health issues, difficult birth experiences, and limited support may increase the risk of postpartum depression (PPD). The U.S. Preventive Services Task Force recommends that healthcare providers screen for symptoms of depression during and after pregnancy, regardless of a woman’s risk factors.

2. What should I do at home to feel better while seeing a doctor for postpartum depression?

• Rest as much as possible.
• Ask for assistance from family and friends.
• Socialize and spend time with others.
• Talk about your feelings with trusted people.
• Join a support group for shared experiences.

3. How long does postpartum depression last?

Duration varies; with treatment, many women feel better within weeks. Untreated PPD may last months or longer, so early intervention is key.